Vibrating crushers



April 30, 1963 A. K. MOULTON VIBRATING CRUSHERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiledNOV. 14, 1960 INVENTOR Ar/hur K. Mou/fon ATTORNEYS April 1963 A. K.MOULTON 3,087,683

VIBRATING CRUSHERS Filed Nov. 14, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS UnitedStates This invention relates to new and useful improvements invibrating crushers.

The invention is concerned in particular with a vibratory crusher havinga pair of crushing plates or members spaced apart to form a crushingzone with means for causing one of the crushing members to undergo rapidvertical and horizontal movement with respect to the other crushingmember.

It is an important object of the invention to provide an improvedcrusher for crushing and comminuting solid materials either in dry formor suspended in a fluid, such as air, by passing the material between apair of crushing members, one of which is more or less fixed and theother of which undergoes both vertical and horizontal oscillations of avery rapid frequency so that the material is crushed not only betweenthe crushing members but against adj oining material.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved device ofthe character described in which the crushing zone is in the form of amore or less conical annulus having downwardly convergent lateralboundaries and through which material to be crushed is downwardly ted soas to force the material into progressively restricted spaces forsuperior and more complete crushing and comminution.

Yet a further object of the invention is to provide an improved deviceof the character described into which material may be fed by gravity orin a suitable fluid stream entering from either beneath or above thecrushing structure and including a pair of crushing or comminntingmembers arranged in superposed fashion, one of the members being fixedand the other being arranged for undergoing rapid horizontal andvertical vibration.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved deviceof the character described in which the movements of the vibratingcrushing member may be adjusted in both the horizontal and verticalplanes in order to obtain the desired type of crushing with respect tomaterials of varying natures and characteristics.

A further object of the invention is to provide, an improved vibratorycrusher having a pair of spaced crushing members in which material iscrushed and cornminuted not only between the crushing faces of thecrushing members, but also because of relative movement and the exertionof crushing forces within the body proper of the material.

Other more specific objects and advantages of the invention will beapparent from a reading of the following description.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafterdescribed, together with other features of the invention.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of thefollowing specification and by reference to the accompanying drawings,wherein examples of the invention are shown, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical, sectional view of a vibratory crusher constructedin accordance with this invention,

FIG. 2 is a horizontal, cross-sectional view taken on the lines 2-2 ofFIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a vertical, sectional view, partly in elevation, of a modifiedform of the invention, and

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the form of the invention shown in FIG. 3.

atent 3,987,633 Patented Apr. 30, 1963 secured to and supported by theupper portions of the legs 10 and carries an inner, conical hopper 15downwardly convergent from the upper edge of the wall 13. The lower endof the hopper 15 is truncated as shown at 16 and supports a downwardlydivergent, conical crushing plate 17 having a downwardly facing,conical, downwardly divergent crushing face 18. A short, upwardlyinclined annular member 19 joins the lower end of the upper or firstcrushing plate 17 with the lower end of the cylindrical outer wall 13.

While the upper crusher assembly 14 is desirably secured rigidly to thesupporting legs 10, it is quite apparent that provision could be madefor some degree of movement or vibration of the assembly 14 with respectto the legs 10, as by the utilization of resilient strips or pads 20between the upper portions of the legs 10 and the outer surface of thecylindrical outer wall 13 and the employment of suitable clamping orsecuring members 21.

A plurality of coiled springs or other resilient elements 22 are securedto and extend upwardly from the base plate '11 at points spaced aroundand closely adjacent the periphery of the opening 12. The upper ends ofthe resilient elements are secured to and support a transverse plate 23having a central opening '24 through which a cylindrical, open-endedmotor shroud 25 extends, the lower end of the shroud 25 projectingdownwardly slightly below the plane of the base plate 11, and the upperend of the shroud projecting above the plate 23. A conical, downwardlydivergent lower or second crushing member 26 is supported upon theshroud 25 and plate 23, the intermediate portion of the side wall of themember 26 adjoining and being secured to the upper edge of the shroud 25as by welding or in other suitable fashions, the outer periphery of theplate 23 being secured to the inner wall oi? the second crushing memberadjacent its lower edge or periphery as by welding or otherwise so thata marginal and lower skirt 27 of the member 26 projects downwardly andoutwardly from the plate 23. An open-topped, annular trough or collectorreceptacle 28 depends from the marginal portion 27 of the member 26 andextends radially outwardly therefrom, the trough 28 being of rectangularcross section and having its inner wall bent inwardly at its upper end29 for securing as by welding or bolting to the underside of themarginal portion 27. Suitable gusset plates 30 are secured between theinner wall of the trough 28 and the underside of the plate 23.. Anapproximately tangential discharge conduit 31 opens outwardly from theinterior of the trough 28 and terminates in a downwardly directeddischarge chute 32 for discharge and collection of the crushed orcornminuted material.

A chamfered supporting ring 33 is carried upon the inner wall of theshroud 25 approximately in the plane of the plate 23 and formed with aradially inwardly extending lip 34 upon which the bevelled support ring35 of an electric motor or other motive means 36 is supported. A doublybevelled clamping and retaining ring 37 is secured between the rings 33and 35 by bolts 38 for clamping and securing the motor 36 positively andrigidly within the shroud 25 and the lower crushing assembly.

The motor 36 is provided with a double ended shaft extending verticallyand axially of the shroud 25, the upper shaft of the motor havingclamped or secured thereto an eccentric weight 39, and the lower shafthaving secured thereto a second eccentric weight 40 having provision forthe addition of auxiliary weights 41. The lower weight 49 is so arrangedas to be readily adjustable angularly with respect to the eccentricweight 39 so that the two weights may be adjusted as desired about theireccentric axes with respect to one another. Thus, the centers of gravityof the weights 39 and 40 may lie in the same vertical plane extendingradially of the axis of the motor 36, or may be adjusted to positionslying in differing vertical planes over a range of to 180. An electriccord or other power conductor 42 supplies motive power or energy to thedriving member 36.

This motor and eccentric weight assembly is disclosed in the patent toG. H. Meinzer, No. 2,284,671, issued June 2, 1942, and no claim is madethereto.

It is to be noted that the lower crushing member 26 terminates at itsupper end in an apex disposed approximately at the lower end of thehopper 15, and is formed with its crushing face upwardly convergent atan angle less than the angle at which the crushing face of the uppercrushing member is downwardly divergent.

In this form of the invention the driving means, such as the electricmotor 36, operating at a suitable speed such as 1,000 to 2,000revolutions per minute will, because of the offset or eccentric massesof the weights 39 and 40, impart to the lower or second crushing member26 a rapid gyratory or horizontal component of movement in which thelower crushing member is rapidly vibrated eccentrically with respect tothe upper or first crushing member 17 At the same time, due to theselective angular offsetting of the weight 40 with respect to the weight39, and the possible addition or removal of supplementary weights 41 toor from the weight 40, there will be imparted a vibratory or verticalcomponent of movement comprising essentially a tilting of the lowermember within the upper member in a plane which revolves rapidly aboutthe axis of the crusher. Thus, various areas of the crushing surface ofthe lower crushing member 26, and particularly the lower portionsthereof, will be approaching toward and withdrawing from the crushingsurface 18 of the upper member 17, and such areas of approach andwithdrawal will be rapidly shifting, perhaps in a random manner due tothe presence of material between the two crushing faces, so that a rapidover-all crushing and comminuting effect is observed. The same actionwill occur at the upper portion of the lower crushing member 26, perhapswith a smaller degree of movement but with a greater application ofcrushing forces. Thus, the larger pieces and particles of the materialbeing crushed will be initially subjected to a restrained but quiteforceful crushing action, and as the partially crushed particles worktheir way downwardly between the two crushing surfaces, the amplitude ofthe crushing movement may be increased though it may be applied withless force or crushing pressure. Not only will the faces of the upperand lower crushing members be applying this crushing and comminutingmovement, but crushing forces and movements will be applied through theouter or boundary particles to the inner or intermediate particles.Thus, a mere grinding phenomenon is not present, but instead, a rapid,high-speed and eccentric crushing movement with what might be termed theapplication of random and rapidly varying crushing movements, varyingboth as to location and as to force or degree of pressure. The relativeangular adjustment of the weight 40 with respect to the weight 39 will,of course, vary both the intensity and amplitude of the crushingmovements as well as the pattern in which such movements are rapidlyshifted circumferentially around the crushing zone. The crushed orcomminuted particles will, of course, fall from the open lower end ofthe crushing zone into the collection trough 28 which also is undergoingvibratory and shaking movements so that the particles will be rapidlyvibrated circumferentially of the trough 28 for discharge through theoutlet 32.

It is noted that the projection of the apex of the lower crushing member36 to the very lower portion of the hopper 15 will aid in the properfeeding of material into the crushing zone and will largely eliminateany tendency for the material to bridge across the lower truncated endof the hopper 15.

A second form of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and includes arectangular base 43 formed of marginal support members 44 andintermediate, transverse support members 45 from the corners of whichbase suitable supporting posts or members 46 extend upwardly. A tubularsupport sleeve 47 is rigidly or adjustably secured to each of the posts46 as by means of a securing or clamping bolt 48, it again being pointedout that resilient liners may be interposed between the sleeves 47 andthe posts 46 to impart a degree of flexibility to the structure if suchis desired. A flat or substantially fiat upper or first crushing memberor plate 49, desirably of circular cross section, is supported from thesleeves 47 by elongate gusset plates or brackets 50 secured to the uppersurface of the plate 49 and extending outwardly and upwardly forsecuring to the sleeves 47 as by welding or in any other suitablefashion. A tubular admission conduit 51 extends downwardly to the centerof the upper member 49 and opens therethrough by means of a centralopening 52 pro vided in the member 49.

Supported upon the intermediate transverse support members 45 is anupstanding cylindrical base member 53 having an annular outwardlyextending flange 54 at its upper extremity. Coiled springs or otherresilient means 56 extend upwardly from the flange 54 and have theirupper ends received to rectilinear brackets 57 depending from theunderside of a lower or second crushing member or plate 58. Of course,the plate 58 may be resiliently and rockably mounted upon the upper endof the base member 53 in any other suitable or desirable fashion. Thestructure described, in particular, has been found most suitable.

The plate 58 immediately underlies the plate 49, being spaced a selectedor suitable distance therefrom in accordance with the verticalpositioning of the sleeves 47 upon the supports 46, such spacing beingfixed if found desirable or necessary, or adjustable if variation in thecrushing member spacing, and in the vertical height of the crushing zoneformed between the plates, is found preferable.

A marginal collector trough 59 is secured to and depends from theperiphery of the plate 58, the trough 59 being of the open top varietywith a rectangular cross section and having a discharge chute 60extending more or less tangentially therefrom and terminating in adischarge spout 61.

A cylindrical motor shroud 62 depends from the underside .of the plate58 into the base member 53 and is braced in position by a plurality ofgusset plates 63 extending upwardly and outwardly from the shroud to theunderside of the plate 58. A driving motor 64 is secured vwithin theshroud 62 upon a mounting 65 in much the same manner that the motor 36is secured within the shroud 25, there also being provided an additionalsecuring and supporting ring 66 in the lower portion of the shroud forengaging a second bevelled ring 67 on the lower extremity of the motor64. Again, an eccentric weight 67' is mounted upon the upper shaft ofthe motor 64, and a lower weight 68 is secured on the lower shaftthereof, the weight 68 having provision for the additional removal ofsupplementary weights 69 and being angularly adjustable with respect tothe weight 67.

It is to be noted that the driving means for the upper and lowereccentric weights in both forms of the invention may be an electricmotor, electro-magnetic means of a conventional nature, a hydraulic orfluid operated motor as shown in FIG. 3 (supplied with motive fluidunder pressure through the conductor 70) or any other suitable ordesirable type of driving means. It is also to be noted that the feed ofmaterial to be crushed may be delivered from the upper end of eitherassembly or through conventional construction from the lower endthereof, that such feed may be dry, carried in a current of fluid suchas air, or even, conceivably, dispersed in a liquid such as water. Inmost instances, however, a dry or gaseous fluid borne feed will bepreferable. It is also to be noted that in the second form of theinvention, the upper plate 49 may be slightly bowed with or without theslight dishing of the lower plate 58 in order to provide a progressivereduction in the vertical dimension of the crushing zone moving from thecenter thereof to the marginal portions thereof. Due to the tiltingaction obtained in the lower plate 58, however, the two crushing membersmay be relatively flat in configuration, as shown in FIG. 3 and more orless equi-distantly spaced over their entire expanses.

The operation of the second form of the invention is substantially thesame as that of the first described form, it being noted that the lowercrushing member 58 will undergo eccentric movement in a horizontaldirection for rolling and crushing of particles in the crushing zonewhile simultaneously undergoing a rapidly revolving and oscillatorytilting action resulting in fine crushing of the particles present inthe margainal portions of the crushing zone. The discharging orcollecting of the crushed or comminuted particles in the trough 59 andthe discharge therefrom through the outlet 61 will be essentially thesame as that previously described. Again, the relative angular positionsof the weights 67' and 68 may be adjusted as desired in order to obtainthe desired type and degree of crushing action commensurate with thetype of material being crushed, the degree of fineness dmired and therate of production. The spacing between the crushing faces of the twocrushing members of the second form of the invention may be regulatedthrough the selected vertical positioning of the sleeves 47 upon thesupports 46, and in the alternative structure of the form of theinvention shown in FIG. 1, by loosening and vertical movement of theclamping elements 21 upon the supporting legs 10. In both forms of theinvention, crushing and comminution is obtained through the rapid andeccentric vibratory movement of the resiliently mounted crush-ing memberwith respect to the more or less rigidly mounted member, coupled withthe also rapid eccentric tilting or oscillatory movement between the twomembers resulting in the ensuring of proper feed into the crushing zonewith simultaneous rapidly shifting crushing movements applied to thematerial being handled directly by the crushing faces as well as betweenadjacent particles of material and the rapid and almost random shiftingof amplitude of crushing movement, force of the crushing thrust, andarea of application of the crushing forces.

The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory thereof andvarious changes in the size, shape and materials, as well as in thedetails of the illustrated construction may be made, within the scope ofthe appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A vibratory crusher including, a supporting frame, a first crushinganvil carried by said frame, a second crushing anvil arranged withrespect to said first anvil to define a crushing zone between said firstand second anvils, a motor having a shaft resiliently mounted on saidframe, said motor shaft having a pair of weights mounted thereon, one ofsaid weights being mounted adjacent one end of said shaft and the otherof said weights being mounted eccentrically to said first weight on theother end of said shaft, said second anvil being rigidly connected tosaid motor and thereby being resiliently mounted with respect to saidfirst anvil, said motor revolving said weights about the motor shaft toimpart a vibratory universal movement to said second anvil, and meansfor directing material to the crushing zone.

2. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first anvilis rigidly mounted on said frame.

3. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 1 wherein said weights areangularly adjustable with respect to each other about said shaft.

4. A vibratory crusher as set forth in claim 2 wherein said weights areangularly adjustable with respect to each other about said shaft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS653,679 Kimble July 17, 1900 1,557,307 Mitchell 'Oct. 13, 1925 1,616,240Symons Feb. 1, 1927 1,879,923 Deister Sep.- 27, 1932 2,131,801 GruenderOct. 4, 1938 2,161,096 Schreferstein June 6, 1939 2,168,582 Rider Aug.8, 1939 2,171,429 Kiesskalt Aug. 29, 1939 2,261,257 Kiesskalt et a1 Nov.4, 1941 2,556,641 Bakewell June 12, 1951 2,663,340 Goodwin Dec. 22, 1953FOREIGN PATENTS 688,059 Germany Feb. 12, 1940

1. A VIBRATORY CRUSHER INCLUDING, A SUPPORTING FRAME, A FIRST CRUSHINGANVIL CARRIED BY SAID FRAME, A SECOND CRUSHING ANVIL ARRANGED WITHRESPECT TO SAID FIRST ANVIL TO DEFINE A CRUSHING ZONE BETWEEN SAID FIRSTAND SECOND ANVILS, A MOTOR HAVING A SHAFT RESILIENTLY MOUNTED ON SAIDFRAME, SAID MOTOR SHAFT HAVING A PAIR OF WEIGHTS MOUNTED THEREON, ONE OFSAID WEIGHTS BEING MOUNTED ADJACENT ONE END OF SAID SHAFT AND THE OTHEROF SAID WEIGHTS BEING MOUNTED ECCENTRICALLY TO SAID FIRST WEIGHT ON THEOTHER END OF SAID SHAFT, SAID SECOND ANVIL BEING RIGIDLY CONNECTED TOSAID MOTOR AND THEREBY BEING RESILIENTLY MOUNTED WITH RESPECT TO SAIDFIRST ANVIL, SAID MOTOR REVOLVING SAID WEIGHTS ABOUT THE MOTOR SHAFT TOIMPART A VIBRATORY UNIVERSAL MOVEMENT TO SAID SECOND ANVIL, AND MEANSFOR DIRECTING MATERIAL TO THE CRUSHING ZONE.